(1900–1975)
Gnostic Sage
Abdul-al-Khayyum was born in Afghanistan. He is considered one of the prime spiritual successors to the great Naqshbandi-Mujaddidi saint, Shaykh Hussin Ahmad Madani (1879–1957) of Uttar Pradesh, India. Abdul-al-Khayyum had travelled to India to seek the spiritual blessing of the great Madani.Abdul-al-Khayyum's most well known successors, as well as Abdullah Dougan (1918–1987) of Auckland, NZ, were Muhammad Ma'sum (d. 2021) of Afghanistan, Azad Rasool (d. 2006) of Delhi.
Muhammad Ma'sum later settled in London where he established the Naqshbandi-Haqqani comunity.
Azad Rasool earlier teacher was the saint Shaykh Shah Abrarur Rahman (d. 1925) of Kaori. Azad Rasool travelled to Afghanistan to seek the spiritual blessing of Abdul-al-Khayyum. He returned to India where he taught until his death, when his son Hamid Hasan Azad continued that tradition, with his students also spreading the teaching into the western world.